Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: core/Router.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Severity: 8192
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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Filename: core/Loader.php
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Filename: database/DB_driver.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$pagination is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$Get_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$Insert_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Line: 315
Function: require_once
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$Update_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$Delete_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Museum::$viewFolder is deprecated
Filename: controllers/Museum.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
Line: 126
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/models/Get_model.php
Line: 264
Function: database
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Function: loadAFCPDetail
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Filename: models/Get_model.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Function: loadAFCPDetail
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Line: 271
Function: database
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Function: loadAFCPDetailGallery
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Function: database
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Function: loadRelatedAFCPList
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Function: view
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Function: view
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Function: view
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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Line: 134
Function: view
File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Filename: database/DB_driver.php
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Line: 255
Function: database
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/helpers/get_helper.php
Line: 870
Function: loadAFCPCover
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/views/Museum/afcp_detail_view.php
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Function: loadAFCPCover
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/views/Layouts/museum_layout_view.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/index.php
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Line: 255
Function: database
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/helpers/get_helper.php
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Function: loadAFCPCover
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/views/Museum/afcp_detail_view.php
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Function: loadAFCPCover
File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/views/Layouts/museum_layout_view.php
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File: /var/www/accl/EN/application/controllers/Museum.php
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วิถีชีวิตกับเรือนล้านนา (Lanna Houses and Way of Life)
เรือนล้านนาส่วนใหญ่อยู่อาศัยบนเรือน มีพื้นที่ใช้สอยในชีวิตประจำวัน ในส่วนใต้ถุนเป็นเพียงที่เก็บของกับเลี้ยงสัตว์ โดยบนเรือนมีส่วนของที่นอน ที่รับแขก ทำงานบ้าน ทำอาหาร ซึ่งแต่ละส่วนถูกแบ่งโดยใช้ผนังกั้น และการยกระดับพื้น เพื่อแบ่งพื้นที่ใช้สอยได้อย่างชัดเจน ประกอบด้วยเรือนนอน เติ๋น หรือโถงหน้าเรือนนอน ห้องครัว และชาน
ชาวล้านนาในอดีตดำเนินชีวิตอย่างเรียบง่าย มีลักษณะเป็นสังคมเกษตรกรรมที่พึ่งพาอาศัยกันระหว่างคนในชุมชน กลุ่มละแวกบ้านเรือนเดียวกันจะแสดงออกซึ่งมิตรไมตรีจิตที่ดี ด้วยการช่วยเหลือเพื่อนบ้านในยามยาก การแบ่งปันอาหารให้กันและกัน รวมถึงการร่วมมือลงแรงทำงานต่างๆ ด้วยกัน
ลักษณะนิสัยของชาวล้านนาเป็นผู้มีอัธยาศัยดีเป็นกันเอง หากมีแขกมาเยี่ยมบ้านเรือนก็จะให้การต้อนรับเป็นอย่างดี ด้วยเครื่องดื่มและอาหารที่จัดเตรียมเป็นพิเศษ บางครั้งอาจมีของฝากติดไม้ติดมือแขกผู้มาเยือนไปด้วย อาหารของชาวล้านนาจะรับประทานข้าวเหนียวเป็นหลัก กินกับอาหารพื้นถิ่นที่มีกรรมวิธีการปรุงหลากหลายประเภท อาทิ นึ่ง แกง ส้า ลาบ อ่อม แต่ละประเภทต่างก็ใช้วัตถุดิบและเครื่องปรุงที่หาได้ในท้องถิ่น ซึ่งภายในบริเวณบ้านก็จะปลูกพืชผักสวนครัว เลี้ยงสัตว์ประเภทหมู เป็ด ไก่ และหาอาหารตามธรรมชาติ เช่น ปลาตามหนองบึง หน่อไม้ เห็ด สัตว์ในป่า เป็นต้น
Functional space and activities of a Lanna house are mostly on the upper floor. The area beneath the house is used for storage and animal keeping. The upper floor is comprised of a sleeping quarter or bedroom, guest receiving room, work space and cooking area.
Lanna people in the past conducted their lives in a simple way as an agrarian society where people in the community were interdependent. This is expressed in the hospitality and rendering assistance to neighbors in a hard time. It is normal for them to share food and meals as well as make labor contributions in many activities.
Lanna people are renowned for their hospitality. They make sure that the guests are well treated with water, snacks or even food. Some guests often leave with gifts of food, fruit or products of the household. Sticky (glutinous) rice is part of the northern people’s staple food. Common local dishes are made by several methods of steaming, stir-frying or making a soup with some chili paste referred to as nueng, kaeng, sa, lap or om with ingredients found mostly around the house and the backyard garden. Many people raise pigs, ducks and chickens for home consumption or harvest food from nature like fish in the swamp as well as bamboo shoots, edible mushrooms and wild animals from the forest.
เข้าใจในไม้ “Understanding Woods” (The Usages of Woods)
ไม้ 5 ชนิดที่คนล้านนานิยมนำมาทำเป็นที่อยู่อาศัย ทั้งโครงสร้าง หลังคา แป้นเกล็ด คาน ตง พื้น ฝา ประตู หน้าต่าง ไม้ 5 ชนิดนี้ สล่า (ช่าง) ที่เป็นคนชำนาญในการปรุงเรือน แค่ดูลายก็จะสามารถจำแนกได้แล้วว่าเป็นชนิดใดหลังจากที่แปรรูปมาแล้ว แต่สล่า (ช่าง) ที่มีความชำนาญขึ้นไปอีก ในกรณีที่ไม้ถูกแปรรูปนานแล้วเกิดคราบ ตะไคร่ขึ้น ดำ จำแนกด้วยสายตาแล้วยังยาก จะมีอีกวิธีในการจำแนกคือการดมกลิ่นของไม้ทั้ง 5 ชนิด หากเราถากเราจะรู้จากกลิ่น โดยกลิ่นของแต่ละชนิดจะไม่เหมือนกัน ฉะนั้นการดมจะเป็นอีกวิธีหนึ่งในการจำแนกชนิดไม้ในกรณีที่ไม่สามารถจำแนกด้วยลายได้นั่นเอง
คุณค่าของพันธุ์ไม้ท้องถิ่น 5 ชนิด ที่อยู่ในภูมิประเทศของล้านนา แล้วก็อยู่ในวัฒนธรรมการใช้สอยของคนล้านนามาเนิ่นนาน ซึ่งเชื่อว่ามากกว่าพันปี ก็คือ ไม้สัก ไม้ประดู่ป่า ไม้แดง ไม้เต็ง (ไม้แงะ) ไม้รัง (ไม้เปา)
These five types of wood were commonly used by Lanna people to make houses. They were used for the structure, roof, shingles, porch, joist, floor, doors, and windows.
A carpenter, an expert in preparing houses, is able to look at the grain and immediately know what kind of wood it is even after being carved. But carpenters in the North have an even greater expertise. If the wood is damaged after a long period of use, it is hard to determine what kind or wood it is. However, another way to determine the type of wood is to smell it. The smell of each type of wood is different, and so smelling the wood is another way of distinguishing the different types of wood.
The quality of five local varieties of wood in the Lanna region that also have had cultural value to the Lanna people for more than 1000 years. These types of wood are teak, rosewood, ironwood, shorea wood, and sal wood.
ภูมิปัญญาสล่าสร้างเรือน (Local Wisdom and the Building of Lanna Houses)
เครื่องมือช่าง
เครื่องมือช่างถือเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของการทำงาน เพราะเป็นเครื่องทุ่นแรงที่สามารถสร้างสรรค์ชิ้นงานให้ได้ขนาด และรูปร่างตามความต้องการ ในอดีตเครื่องมือช่างเหล่านี้ใช้แรงงานคนเป็นหลัก สล่าหรือช่างจำเป็นต้องใช้กำลังและระยะเวลาเป็นอย่างมาก แต่ในปัจจุบันเริ่มนำเครื่องมือไฟฟ้ามาใช้ ช่วยทุนแรงและทุ่นเวลาได้มาก ซึ่งแบ่งประเภทออกตามลักษณะการใช้งาน 5 ประเภทคือ
1.เครื่องมือไสแต่งผิว
2.เครื่องมือตัด
3.เครื่องมือบากเจาะ
4.เครื่องมือจับยึด
5.เครื่องมือวัด
Hand Tools: The carpenter’s tools are an important part of the work because they allow the woodworkers to use their creativity to create work that is the correct size and shape. In the past, the carpenter’s tools used human labor, so the woodworkers needed to use a lot of strength and time. Today, however, people are able to use electric tools to save more time and energy. The tools are divided into five categories: